Space travel is something makes changes in human DNA also. That is takeaway from a long term study of NASA. For that study NASA took Kelly brothers (Scott Kelly and his twin brother Mark, who is a retired astronomer).Scott Kelly who spend 520d 10h 33m in space overall, but a huge one is a single mission which he stay in ISS for around 1 year(342 days).
NASA took study on both twin brothers, how the space makes change in human body and genes, because both Scott Kelly and Mark Kelly both have same DNA. When Scott return to earth NASA discovered that his DNA has significantly changed.
NASA’s Human Research Program 2017 Investigators' Workshop (IWS) researchers finds that the endcaps of Scott Kelly’s chromosomes—his telomeres—had become longer while he was in space. Further testing confirmed this change, and revealed that most of the telomeres had shortened again within just two days of his return.
After Scott return to earth his 93% of DNA came back to normal, but the remaining 7% of DNA indicating a long term changes in DNA connected to the immune system, DNA repair, bone formation networks, oxygen deprivation and elevated carbon dioxide levels.
The Twin study is first step for the long-haul manned mission to mars. NASA has currently working on a Mars mission would last as long as three years, which would obviously be the longest stretch that any human has been away from Earth.
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